Which term describes residuals expressed in the units of the original measurement?

Which term describes residuals expressed in the units of the original measurement?

• A. Upper quartile
• B. Validity
• C. Unstandardized residuals
• D. Unique factor

Answer: (C)

Residuals are the differences between what you observe and what your model predicts. When those differences are kept in the original units of the outcome variable, they are called unstandardized residuals. This makes interpretation easy: a residual of +5 means the observed value is 5 units higher than predicted in the outcome’s units (for example, 5 points on a test or 5 kilograms). Standardized residuals, by contrast, are scaled to standard deviation units, removing the original measurement units so you can compare residuals across different scales. In SPSS, you’ll often see both, with unstandardized residuals shown in the original units and standardized residuals in standard deviation units. The other terms don’t describe residuals in the original units: the upper quartile is a data-descriptive cutoff, validity concerns whether a measure actually assesses what it’s supposed to, and a unique factor comes from factor analysis.

Residuals are the differences between what you observe and what your model predicts. When those differences are kept in the original units of the outcome variable, they are called unstandardized residuals. This makes interpretation easy: a residual of +5 means the observed value is 5 units higher than predicted in the outcome’s units (for example, 5 points on a test or 5 kilograms). Standardized residuals, by contrast, are scaled to standard deviation units, removing the original measurement units so you can compare residuals across different scales. In SPSS, you’ll often see both, with unstandardized residuals shown in the original units and standardized residuals in standard deviation units. The other terms don’t describe residuals in the original units: the upper quartile is a data-descriptive cutoff, validity concerns whether a measure actually assesses what it’s supposed to, and a unique factor comes from factor analysis.